The Northeast, also known as the Seven Sisters of India (comprising the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura and Meghalaya), is the least visited of the regions – tucked away in a remote corner of the country, bordered by China in the north, Myanmar (Burma) in the east and Bangladesh in the south and west it is almost a separate country joined to mainland India by what we term as the chicken’s neck, just a few square kilometers of land in its western border. Geographically, it is amazing – the great Himalayas to the north, the Assam valley carved out by the mighty River Brahmaputra, one of the greatest rivers in the world, the beautiful Khasi and Jaintia Hills in the south and the Patkai range in the east makes for a natural splendour difficult to find elsewhere.
With the varied terrain comes a wide spectrum of vegetation - Tropical evergreen rainforest is confined to the humid foothills of the eastern and central Himalayas. The evergreen dipterocarps—a group of timber- and resin-producing trees—are common; their different species grow on different soils and on hill slopes of varying steepness. Bamboos grow on steep slopes; oaks (genus Quercus) and Indian horse chestnuts (Aesculus indica) grow on the lithosol covering sandstones from Arunachal Pradesh westward to central Nepal at elevations from 3,600 to 5,700 feet (1,100 to 1,700 metres). Alder trees (genus Alnus) are found along the watercourses on the steeper slopes. At higher elevations those species give way to mountain forests in which the typical evergreen is the Himalayan screw pine (Pandanus furcatus). Besides those trees, some 4,000 species of flowering plants, of which 20 are palms, are estimated to occur in the eastern Himalayas. Temperate mixed forests extend from about 4,500 to roughly 11,000 feet (1,400 to 3,400 metres) and contain conifers and broad-leaved temperate trees. The alpine zone begins above the tree line, between elevations of 10,500 and 11,700 feet (3,200 and 3,600 metres), and extends up to about 14,600 feet (4,500 metres) in the eastern Himalayas. In that zone can be found all the wet and moist alpine vegetation. Juniper (genus Juniperus) is widespread, especially on sunny sites, steep and rocky slopes, and drier areas. Rhododendrons occur everywhere but is more abundant in the wetter parts of the eastern Himalayas, where it grows in all sizes from trees to low shrubs. Mosses and lichens grow in shaded areas at lower levels in the alpine zone where the humidity is high; flowering plants are found at high elevations.
We cover all the above in our botany tours. Most of it is accessible by roads - we take you through the Sela Pass at 4,200 m (13,700 ft), the highest motorable pass in western Arunachal Pradesh. The higher reaches, upto 4,900 m (16,000 ft), is by way of trekking trails through stunning Himalayan landscapes.